This tracking piece provides a detailed account of events on Germany's energy and climate policy respsonses throghout the first year after Russia launched its attack. With the first new terminals for the import of liquefied natural gas (LNG) starting operations already in late 2022 and national gas storages being filled far above the target level in February 2023, the government and many observers are confident that the worst outcome in the energy crisis has been avoided - although great uncertainties remain regarding the supply in the next winter. Due to its high reliance on Russia, especially for natural gas, Germany has been under particular pressure to build new gas import infrastructure and diversify its sources to ensure its economy receives enough energy to avoid a deep recession.

European states to a large extent lowered or even completely cut their reliance on Russian fossil fuels and managed to secure sufficient energy imports from other suppliers. One year after Russia started its devastating war on Ukraine, the energy policy landscape of Germany and most of Europe has changed radically.

Is there still war in ukraine 2020